Exposición selectiva y sus efectos en el comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos: la influencia del consumo mediático en el voto en las elecciones generales españolas de 2015 y 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2020.23.4.6Palavras-chave:
Meios de comunicação de massa, eleições, Espanha, comunicação política, comportamento político, pressione, rádio, televisãoResumo
Selective Exposure and its Effects on Citizens’ Electoral Behavior: The Influence of Media Consumption on Voting in the Spanish General Elections of 2015 and 2016
Exposição seletiva e seus efeitos no comportamento eleitoral dos cidadãos: a influência do consumo midiático no voto nas eleições gerais espanholas de 2015 e 2016
A nova tendência de polarização política dos meios de comunicação na Espanha leva os autores deste trabalho a repensar a relação entre meios de comunicação e cidadãos dentro da teoria da exposição, percepção e retenção seletiva, e sua influência no comportamento eleitoral. A seleção de conteúdos de informação política que os cidadãos realizam durante as campanhas eleitorais conforma uma dieta que afeta seu voto. Por isso, neste artigo de pesquisa, pretende-se esclarecer a relação existente entre o consumo de informação política por meio de diferentes meios de comunicação de massas e o comportamento eleitoral dos votantes desde a nova realidade midiática existente no país. Para isso e segundo as pesquisas pós-eleitorais do Centro de Pesquisas Sociológicas, estudam-se os efeitos no voto da exposição midiática dos cidadãos nas eleições gerais de 2015 e das de 2016, aquelas nas quais uma crise é produzida no sistema de partidos na Espanha após várias décadas de bipartidismo e estabilidade institucional. Os resultados permitem concluir que a discussão política no país se encontra estruturada em dois eixos de enfrentamento: o ideológico (esquerda-direita), mas também um territorial, que polariza politicamente aqueles cidadãos de territórios com identidade territorial próprio (principalmente Catalunha). Dessa forma, a narrativa política está altamente influenciada pelos meios, já que os eleitores utilizam o consumo midiático como símbolo de reafirmação eleitoral seguindo a informação política de meios afins.
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Ramírez-Dueñas, J. M. y Vinuesa-Tejero, M. L. (2020). Exposición selectiva y sus efectos en el comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos: la influencia del consumo mediático en el voto en las elecciones generales españolas de 2015 y 2016. Palabra Clave, 23(4), e2346. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2020.23.4.6
Recibido: 14/03/2019
Aceptado: 15/08/2019
Publicado: 21/10/2020
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