El impacto de los servicios móviles de mensajería instantánea en las percepciones ciudadanas sobre la democracia en España

Alejandra Tirado García; Andreu Casero Ripollés

doi:10.5294/pacla.2025.28.2.5

Autores

Alejandra Tirado García Autor Universitat Jaume I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-7215
Andreu Casero Ripollés Autor Universitat Jaume I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-4163

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2025.28.2.5

Palavras-chave:

Comunicação política, percepções cidadãs, serviços móveis de mensagens instantâneas, democracia, meios digitais

Resumo

Nos últimos anos, a cidadania tem recorrido com mais intensidade aos serviços móveis de mensagens instantâneas, como WhatsApp ou Telegram, como ferramenta de comunicação política. A privacidade e a comunicação próxima que os caracterizam os tornaram o espaço preferencial para o público se informar, compartilhar e discutir questões cotidianas. No entanto, apesar de sua popularização, as percepções cidadãs sobre o uso político dessas mídias têm sido objeto de poucas pesquisas científicas. Por isso, analisamos as percepções cidadãs quanto às consequências desses canais para a democracia, tendo como caso de estudo a Espanha. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em uma pesquisa quantitativa aplicada por meio de um painel on-line. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em maio de 2023, por meio do Qualtrics, com uma amostra de 1106 cidadãos residentes na Espanha. Os resultados revelam que o principal benefício que os cidadãos atribuem ao uso de serviços móveis de mensagens instantâneas na política é o aumento da intenção de voto nas eleições e a possibilidade de participar de debates públicos. Em contrapartida, o principal prejuízo relatado é a proliferação de desinformação e das notícias falsas. Além disso, os cidadãos percebem que a capacidade de influenciar a opinião de terceiros é a característica mais decisiva desses canais no debate público. Em geral, o nível de confiança nesses serviços como ferramenta para melhorar a democracia é moderado. Por fim, a ideologia é a única variável que condiciona todos os aspectos analisados.

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