Sentimientos de odio ante fotografías racializadas: respuesta emocional y comportamental de adultos en redes sociales

María Vélez-Coto; Noemí Morejón-Llamas; María Luisa Cárdenas-Rica

doi:10.5294/pacla.2025.28.1.6

Autores

María Vélez-Coto Autor Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-9497
Noemí Morejón-Llamas Autor Universidad Loyola Andalucía https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-1931
María Luisa Cárdenas-Rica Autor Universidad Pablo de Olavide https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-2544

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2025.28.1.6

Palavras-chave:

discursos de odio, xenofobia, racismo, fotografías, imágenes, redes sociales

Resumo

Os preconceitos e as atitudes xenófobas são esquemas cognitivos que moldam as emoções e o comportamento. Eles emergem mais profusamente no ecossistema da mídia digital e são articulados como discurso de ódio, especialmente por meio da emissão de comentários nas redes sociais, atraídos pela presença de fotografias. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo é explorar a resposta emocional que os adultos têm às imagens de pessoas racializadas e não racializadas, a fim de relacioná-la à probabilidade de emitir mensagens negativas em espaços como as redes sociais. Em resumo, o objetivo é entender o que essas imagens provocam no público digital e que emoção os leva a se tornarem propagadores de ódio. Para isso, 103 participantes espanhóis (X idade = 40,32) foram recrutados por meio do Mechanical Turk (MTurk), aos quais foram mostradas 46 imagens, juntamente com as escalas pictográficas para avaliar a resposta emocional (Self-Assessment Manikin). Eles também foram questionados sobre a probabilidade de escreverem um comentário e se ele seria positivo ou negativo. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as categorias fotográficas na resposta emocional e na probabilidade de postar um comentário negativo, com imagens de pessoas racializadas sendo associadas a um risco maior. O padrão emocional daqueles que indicaram alta probabilidade de postar um comentário negativo foi identificado como medo nas imagens negativas de pessoas racializadas e ódio nas imagens positivas. Esses resultados contribuem para a caracterização emocional dos emissores de discursos de ódio na mídia digital e nas redes sociais, especificamente aqueles relacionados a atitudes xenófobas.

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