De lo real a lo ficticio: evaluación de la credibilidad de noticias difundidas por humanos y por avatares creados con inteligencia artificial

Carlos Fernando Osorio-Andrade; Edwin Arango-Espinal; Carlos Alberto Arango-Pastrana

doi:10.5294/pacla.2024.27.3.8

Autores

Carlos Fernando Osorio-Andrade Autor University of Valle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-4991
Edwin Arango-Espinal Autor Universidad del Valle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-3513
Carlos Alberto Arango-Pastrana Autor University of Valle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-816X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2024.27.3.8

Palavras-chave:

Avatares, credibilidade da mensagem, design experimental, credibilidade da informação, porta-vozes

Resumo

Este estudo experimental aborda o impacto do tipo de provedor de informações sobre a credibilidade percebida das notícias tecnológicas. A pesquisa envolveu 150 estudantes universitários que, usando um desenho 3 x 1 entre sujeitos, assistiram a um vídeo sobre uma invenção médica inovadora. A principal variável foi o apresentador da notícia: um apresentador humano, um avatar com alto grau de realismo humano e um avatar de aparência fictícia. A avaliação se concentrou na credibilidade das informações. Por meio da análise de variância (Anovas) e de testes post-hoc, foi descoberta uma hierarquia clara na credibilidade percebida. Os dados revelaram que há diferenças estatisticamente significativas na credibilidade atribuída à condição humana e à condição do avatar realista, em favor do humano. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o avatar humano e o fictício. Isso sugere que a aparência não humana de um avatar não diminui necessariamente a credibilidade em relação a uma pessoa real, embora avatares altamente realistas possam gerar alguma aversão que pode se traduzir em menor credibilidade percebida.

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