Disinformative Narratives and Dark Public Relations Surrounding the 2030 Agenda in Spain: Fact-Checking Challenges Amid Ideological Bias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2025.28.s1.2Keywords:
2030 Agenda, content analysis, disinformation narrative, SDGs, dark public relations, fact-checkingAbstract
The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda, implemented in 2015, has been the target of persistent disinformation campaigns driven by what is known as Dark Public Relations (DPR). This study analyzes 72 fact-checking reports conducted on two platforms, Maldita.es and Newtral, between 2019 and 2024, aiming to identify the dominant disinformative narratives about this initiative in Spain. The topics most affected by disinformation are “law and society” and “climate change,” with false narratives portraying the 2030 Agenda as a plan for population control and the erosion of individual freedoms. Additionally, a strong ideological bias is observed, reflected in distrust of empirical evidence, the discrediting of the scientific community, and the dismissal of social consensus supporting the implementation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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