Influencia de las actitudes explícitas e implícitas en la selección de noticias y la orientación política: un estudio en diarios colombianos
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https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2023.26.3.7Palabras clave:
Actitudes explícitas, actitudes implícitas, exposición selectiva, marcas de medios de prensa, sesgo de confirmaciónResumen
Este estudio examina los patrones de selección de noticias en función de las actitudes implícitas y explícitas hacia las marcas de medios informativos, así como la manera en que la orientación política de las personas modula estas actitudes. En un experimento con 126 estudiantes universitarios (56 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 41 años, examinamos la elección de titulares atribuidos a los diarios colombianos El Tiempo y El Espectador mediante una tarea de selección forzada. Se midieron las actitudes implícitas y explícitas hacia las marcas, la frecuencia de consulta, la orientación política y el cambio en las actitudes tras presentar un artículo de intervención que explicaba el fenómeno del sesgo de confirmación. Los hallazgos indican que las actitudes explícitas, pero no las implícitas, predijeron la elección de los titulares de prensa. La frecuencia de consulta predijo la orientación política de las personas, aunque este efecto funcionó a través de las actitudes explícitas. El artículo de intervención modificó las actitudes explícitas, pero no las implícitas. Los participantes mostraron una leve tendencia política de izquierda y prefirieron contenidos del diario El Espectador, probablemente debido al sesgo de confirmación. En conclusión, las actitudes explícitas influyeron en la elección de titulares, la frecuencia de consumo y la orientación política de la muestra.
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