The Use of Radio Advertorials in Spanish Radio Stations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.7Palabras clave:
Publicidad, publicidad radiofónica, contenido de programa, contenido editorial, ética, periodista, radioResumen
El uso de publirreportajes de radio (RA) en emisoras de radio españolas
O uso de anúncios de rádio (RA) em estações de rádio espanholas
Radio advertorials (RA) son mensajes publicitarios de larga duración locutados por periodistas, que imitan el contenido editorial y se emiten dentro de los programas. A partir del análisis de su presencia, uso y características, se constata que los periodistas y responsables de las emisoras radiofónicas en España tienden a ser poco rigurosos en la aplicación de los códigos de conducta que regulan el uso de este recurso publicitario. Este trabajo se centra en esos principios éticos y propone una matriz de variables como franja horaria, categoría de producto, tipo de portavoz, identificación del anunciante, formato y estilo del cuerpo de texto, mediante las cuales se pueden identificar las prácticas inapropiadas en la muestra objeto de estudio. Los resultados muestran que RA tienen una mayor presencia en los horarios de mayor audiencia y son realizados por las personalidades radiofónicas de mayor reconocimiento social. Asimismo, en la mayoría de los casos analizados, RA se mezclan con el contenido programático siendo la entrevista el formato más utilizado y el informativo, el estilo del cuerpo de texto con más presencia.
Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo
Parelló-Oliver, S. & Muela-Molina, C. (2019). The use of radio advertorials in Spanish radio stations. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.7
Recibido: 25/02/2018
Aceptado: 21/09/2018
Descargas
Citas
AIMC (Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación). (2016). Resumen General del EGM (Estudio General de Medios) [EGM (General Media Study) General Report] Abril 2015 a Marzo 2016. Retrieved from http://www.aimc.es/spip.php?action=acceder_document&arg=3077&cle=28996732bec589ddba1b4818789266af2af5377d&file=pdf%2Fresumegm116.pdf
Autocontrol (Asociación para la Autorregulación de la Comunicación Comercial). (2011). Código de Conducta Publicitaria [Code of Advertising Conduct]. Retrieved from http://www.autocontrol.es/pdfs/Cod_conducta_publicitaria.pdf
Baerns, B. (2003). Separating advertising from programme content: The principle and its relevance in communications practice. Journal of Communication Management, 8(1), 101–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540410807583
Balasubramanian, S. K. (1994). Beyond advertising and publicity: Hybrid messages and public policy issues. Journal of advertising, 23(4), 29–46. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4188949
Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2013). A content analysis study of the use of celebrity endorsers in magazine advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 32(3), 369–389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-3-369-389
Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York, NY: Hafner Press
Buchholz, L. M., & Smith, R. E. (1991). The role of consumer involvement in determining cognitive response to broadcast advertising. Journal of Advertising, 20(1), 4–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1991.10673202
Cameron, G. T., & Haley, J. E. (1992). Feature advertising: Policies and attitudes in print media. Journal of Advertising, 21(3), 47–55. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4188845
Cameron, G. T., & Curtin, P. A. (1995). Tracing sources of information pollution: A survey and experimental test of print media’s labeling policy for feature advertising. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72(1), 178–189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107769909507200115
Cameron, G. T., Ju-Pak, K. H., & Kim, B. H. (1996). Advertorials in magazines: Current use and compliance with industry guidelines. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(3), 722–733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107769909607300316
Cameron, G. T., & Ju-Pak, K. H. (2000). Information pollution? Labelling and format of advertorials. Newspaper Research Journal, 21(1), 65–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290002100106
Crook, J. (2004). On covert communication in advertising. Journal of Pragmatics, 36(4), 715–738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(03)00039-0
Dix, S., & Phau, I. (2009). Spotting the disguises and masquerades: Revisiting the boundary between editorial and advertising. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 27(3), 413–427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500910955263
Eckman, A., & Lindlof, T. (2003). Negotiating the Gray Lines: An ethnographic case study of organizational conflict between advertorials and news. Journalism Studies, 4(1), 65–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700306507
Ellerbach, J. (2004). The advertorial as information pollution. Journal of information ethics, 13(1), 61–75.
Erjavec, K. (2004). Beyond advertising and journalism: Hybrid promotional news discourse. Discourse & Society, 15(5), 553–578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0957926504045032
Erjavec, K., & Kovačič, M. P. (2010). Relations with the media: Who are the main actors in an advertorial production process in Slovenia? Journalism, 11(1), 91–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884909349581
FTC (Federal Trade Commission). (2009). Guides concerning the use of endorsements and testimonials in advertising. Federal Acquisition Regulation (16 CFR Part 255) Final Rule. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/federal_register_notices/guides-concerning-use-endorsements-and-testimonials-advertising-16-cfr-part-255/091015guidesconcerningtestimonials.pdf
Goodlad, N., Eadie, D. R., Kinnin, H., & Raymond, M. (1997). Advertorial: Creative solution or last resort? International Journal of Advertising, 16(2), 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1997.11104678
Hausknecht, D. R., Wilkinson, J. B., & Prough, G. E. (1991). Advertorials: Effective? Deceptive? Or tempest in a teapot? Akron Business and Economic Review, 22(4), 41–52.
Harro-Loit, H., & Saks, K. (2006). The diminishing border between advertising and journalism in Estonia. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 312–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500533635
ICC (International Chamber of Commerce). (2011). Consolidated ICC Code of Advertising and Marketing Communication Practice. Retrieved June 18, 2014 from http://www.codescentre.com/media/2083/660%20consolidated%20icc%20code_2011_final%20with%20covers.pdf
Ju-Pak, K. H., Kim, B. H., & Cameron, G. T. (1995). Trends in the use and abuse of advertorials in magazines. Mass Comm Review, 22 (3–4), 112–128.
Kertz, C. L., & Ohanian, R. (1992). Source credibility, legal liability, and the law of endorsements. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 11(1), 12–23. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/30000021
Kim, B. H., Pasadeos, Y., & Barban, A. (2001). On the deceptive effectiveness of labeled and unlabeled advertorial formats. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 265–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0403_02
Lacher, K. T., & Rotfeld, H. J. (1994). Newspaper policies on the potential merging of advertising and news content. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 13(2), 281–289. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/30000403
Martin, B. A., Bhimy, A. C., & Agee, T. (2002). Infomercials and advertising effectiveness: An empirical study. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19(6), 468–480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760210444850
Muela-Molina, C. (2010). La representación de los géneros informativos en la publicidad radiofónica [The representation of informative genres in radio advertising]. Sphera Pública, (10), 167–178. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=29719345011
Muela-Molina, C. (2012). La representación de la ficción en la cuña publicitaria. Personajes, contextos y otros elementos narrativos. Área Abierta, 31(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ARAB.2012.v31.38969
Muela-Molina, C., Martín-Santana, J. D., & Reinares-Lara, E. (2018). Journalists as radio advertising endorsers in news or talk radio stations. Journalism. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884917753785
Nebenzhal, I. D., & Jaffe, E. D. (1998). Ethical dimensions of advertising executions. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(7), 805–815. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2507312
Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook (Vol. 300). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
OfCom (Office of Communications). (2011). Guidance Notes. Section Ten: Commercial Communications in Radio Programming. Retrieved from http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/broadcast/guidance/831193/section10.pdf
Perelló-Oliver, S., & Muela-Molina, C. (2012). La publicidad radiofónica en España y el perfil socio-demográfico de su audiencia. Palabra Clave, 15(2), 224–251. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2012.15.2.2
Perello-Oliver, S., & Muela-Molina, C. (2017). Radio mentions: An analysis of radio personalities and ethical behavior. International Journal of Communication, 11, 3566–3586. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/7177
Petty, R. D., & Andrews, J. C. (2008). Covert marketing unmasked: A legal and regulatory guide for practices that mask marketing messages. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 7–18. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.27.1.7
Poler Kovačič, M., & Erjavec, K. (2010). Production process of unlabeled advertorials in the Slovenian press. Communications, 35(4), 375–395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2010.020
Poler Kovačič, M., Erjavec, K., & Stular, K. (2011). Unlabelled advertorials in Slovenian life-style press: A study of the promotion of health products. Communication & medicine, 8(2), 157–168. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v8i2.157
Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (2003). The influence of spokesperson trustworthiness on message elaboration, attitude strength, and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(4), 408–421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1304_08
Rozukalne, A. (2012). Hidden advertising in Latvian media content: Reasons, editorial strategies and advertiser practice. Communication Sciences, 13–26. Retrieved from http://www.rsu.lv/eng/images/Documents/Publications/2011_research_articles_soc_eng.pdf#page=13
Sandler, D. M., & Secunda, E. (1993). Point of view: Blurred boundaries--where does editorial end and advertising begin? Journal of Advertising Research, 33(3), 73–80.
Singh, M., Balasubramanian, S. K., & Chakraborty, G. (2000). A comparative analysis of three communication formats: Advertising, infomercial, and direct experience. Journal of Advertising, 29(4), 59–75. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4189161
Society of Professional Journalists. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp
Steininger, C., & Woelke, J. (2008). Separating TV ads from TV programming. What we can learn about program-integrated advertising from economic theory and research on media use. Communications, 33(4), 455–471. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COMM.2008.028
Stout, P. A., Wilcox, G. B., & Greer, L. S. (1989). Trends in magazine advertorial use. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 66(4), 960–964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107769908906600430
Van Reijmersdal, E., Neijens, P., & Smit, E. (2005). Readers’ reactions to mixtures of advertising and editorial content in magazines. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 27(2), 39–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2005.10505180
Wilkinson, J. B., Hausknecht, D. R., & Prough, G. E. (1995). Reader categorization of a controversial communication: Advertisement versus editorial. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 14(2), 245–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F074391569501400206
Zhou, S. (2012). ‘Advertorials’: A genre-based analysis of an emerging hybridized genre. Discourse & Communication, 6(3), 323–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1750481312446265
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta revista y sus artículos se publican bajo la licencia CreativeCommons CC BY 4.0 DEED Atribución 4.0 Internacional, usted es libre de: Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. Adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. La licencia no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.