Inteligencia artificial generativa: determinismo tecnológico o artefacto construido socialmente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2024.27.1.9Palabras clave:
Construcción social de la tecnología, determinismo tecnológico, GenIA, inteligencia artificial generativa, SCOTResumen
El presente artículo analiza la inteligencia artificial generativa aplicando el modelo de construcción social de la tecnología, con el cual se observan los actores sociales afectados por esta tecnología con influencia para decidir su futuro. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que el éxito de la inteligencia artificial generativa no tiene un origen neutral, sino que está condicionado por los intereses de diferentes actores sociales. Este resultado, sin embargo, también indica que esta tecnología se encuentra en una fase de flexibilidad interpretativa. Es decir, que los grupos afectados por esta tecnología todavía están decidiendo su postura sobre la inteligencia artificial generativa y cómo podría ser en un futuro.
Descargas
Citas
Abbring, J., van den Berg, G., Gautier, P., van Lomwel, A., van Ours, J. y Ruhm, C. (2002). Displaced workers in The United States and The Netherlands. En Kuhn, P. (ed.), Losing work, moving on: international perspectives on worker displacement. W.E. Upjohn Institute. https://doi.org/10.17848/9781417505333.Ch2
Altman, S. (2021). Moore’s Law for Everything. 16 de marzo. https://moores.samaltman.com/
Bengio, Y., Russell, S., Musk, E. y Wozniak, S. (2023). Pause giant AI experiments: An open letter. Future of Life Institute.
Black, J. y Murray, A. D. (2019). Regulating AI and machine learning: Setting the regulatory agenda. European Journal of Law and Technology, 10(3). https://www.ejlt.org/index.php/ejlt/article/view/722
Bessen, J., Goos, M., Salomons, A. y Van den Berge, W. (2020). Automation: A guide for policymakers. Economic Studies at Brookings Institution.
Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., Wood, G., Aguinis, H., Bamber, G. J., Beltran, J. R., ..., y Varma, A. (2023). Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(3), 606-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12524
Chohan, U. W. (2023). Generative AI, ChatGPT, and the Future of Jobs. SSRN, 28 de abril. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4411068
De Clément, Z. D. (2022). Inteligencia artificial en el derecho internacional, Naciones Unidas y Unión Europea. Revista Estudios Jurídicos, 22. https://doi.org/10.17561/rej.n22.7524
Dedehayir, O. y Steinert, M. (2016). The hype cycle model: A review and future directions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.04.005
Delipetrev, B., Tsinaraki, C. y Kostic, U. (2020). Historical evolution of artificial intelligence. Analysis of the three main paradigm shifts in AI. European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/801580
Edwards, P.N. (1996). The closed world: computers and the politics of discourse in Cold War America. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1871.001.0001
Erdelyi, O. J. y Goldsmith, J. G. (2018). Regulating artificial intelligence: Proposal for a global solution. En AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Society, New Orleans, 1-3 de febrero. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278731
European Parliament (2020). Artificial intelligence: Threats and opportunities. 23 de septiembre. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20200918STO87404/artificial-intelligence-threats-and-opportunities
Floridi, L. (2020). AI and its new winter: From myths to realities. Philosophy & Technology, 33, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3830584
Floridi, L. (2019). What the near future of artificial intelligence could be. Philosophy & Technology, 32(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-019-00345-y
Global Data (2023). GenAI startups rewrite unicorn playbook: Race to billion-dollar valuations in record time, reveals Global Data. 25 de mayo. https://www.globaldata.com/media/disruptor/genai-startups-rewrite-unicorn-playbook-race-to-billion-dollar-valuations-in-record-time-reveals-globaldata/
Goldman Sachs (2023). Generative AI could raise global GDP by 7%. 5 de abril. https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html
Ellingrud, W, Sanghvi, S., Singh Dandona, G., Madgavkar, A., Chui, M., White, O. y Hasebe (2023). Generative AI and the future of work in America. McKinsey, 26 de julio. https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/generative-ai-and-the-future-of-work-in-america - /
Goldfarb, B. y Kirsch, D. A. (2019). Bubbles and crashes: The boom and bust of technological innovation. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503607934
Ghoshal, A. (2023). Job cuts may intensify as IBM plans to use AI to replace 30% of back office jobs. Computer World, 2 de mayo. https://www.computerworld.com/article/3694874/job-cuts-may-intensify-as-ibm-plans-to-use-ai-to-replace-30-of-back-office-jobs.html
Gunkel, D. J. (2012). Communication and artificial intelligence: Opportunities and challenges for the 21st century. Futures of Communication, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.7275/R5QJ7F7R
Hacker, P. (2023). Sustainable AI regulation. SSRN, 1 de junio. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4467684
Hacker, P., Engel, A. y Mauer, M. (2023). Regulating ChatGPT and other large generative AI models. En Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 1112-1123). ACM DL. https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594067
Helberger, N. y Diakopoulos, N. (2023). ChatGPT and the AI Act. Internet Policy Review, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.14763/2023.1.1682
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence: A “promising technology”. AI & Society, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01629-w
Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2020). Artificial intelligence as a challenge for law and regulation. Regulating Artificial Intelligence, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32361-5_1
Jiang, Y., Li, X., Luo, H., Yin, S. y Kaynak, O. (2022). Quo vadis artificial intelligence? Discover Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/629869
Kalla, D. y Smith, N. (2023). Study and analysis of Chat GPT and its impact on different fields of study. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 8(3). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4402499
Klein, H. K. y Kleinman, D. L. (2002). The social construction of technology: Structural considerations. Science, Technology y Human Values, 27(1), 28-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224390202700102
Lerner, J. y Nanda, R. (2020). Venture capital’s role in financing innovation: What we know and how much we still need to learn. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 237-261. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27492
Liu, Z. Z. y Peng, S. L. (2022). A study on the optimization path of Artificial Intelligence governance in the public policy perspective. En International Conference on Public Organization (Iconpo 2021) (pp. 97-103). Atlantis Press.
Lyonnet, V. y Stern, L. H. (2022). Venture capital (mis) allocation in the age of AI. En Proceedings of the Eurofidai-ESSEC Paris December Finance Meeting 2022. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4260882
McKinsey (2023). The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier. 14 de junio. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. McGraw-Hill
Nield, T. (2019). Is deep learning already hitting its limitations? And is another AI winter coming? Towards Data Science. https://towardsdatascience.com/is-deep-learning-already-hitting-its-limitations-c81826082 ac3
Nissim, G. y Simon, T. (2021). The future of labor unions in the age of automation and at the dawn of AI. Technology in Society, 67, 101732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101732
Niyazov, S. (2019). AI-powered monopolies and the New World Order. Towards Data Science, 28 de junio. https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-powered-monopolies-and-the-new-world-order-1c56cfc76e7d
Orchard, T. y Tasiemski, L. (2023). The rise of generative AI and possible effects on the economy. Economics and Business Review, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.2.732
Oxford Analytica (2023). GenAI could boost global economic productivity. Oxford Analytica Daily Brief. https://dailybrief.oxan.com/Analysis/DB279010/GenAI-could-boost-global-economic-productivity
Parlamento Europeo (2023). Ley de IA de la UE: primera normativa sobre inteligencia artificial. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/es/article/20230601STO93804/ley-de-ia-de-la-ue-primera-normativa-sobre-inteligencia-artificial
Pinch, T. J. y Bijker, W. E. (1984). The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. Social Studies of Science, 14(3), 399-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014003004
Ponce del Castillo, A. (2023). Generative AI, generating precariousness for workers? AI & Society, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01719-9
Postman, N. (2011). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. Random House.
Rikap, C. (2023). Same end by different means: Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Facebook’s strategies to dominate artificial intelligence. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4472222
Schuchmann, S. (2019). Probability of an approaching AI winter. Towards Data Science, 17 de agosto. https://towardsdatascience.com/probability-of-an-approaching-ai-winter-c2d818fb338a
Strate, L. (1999). The varieties of cyberspace: Problems in definition and delimitation. Western Journal of Communication, 63(3), 382-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570319909374648
Shin, R. (2023) The A.I. job culling has already begun and 4,000 people lost work last month to the technology, according to a new report. Fortune, 2 de junio. https://fortune.com/2023/06/02/ai-job-cuts-layoffs-tech-industry-challenger-grey/
Slowinski, S. y Pearson, S. (2023) GenAI: a revolution across all sectors? BNP Paribas, 3 de julio. https://globalmarkets.cib.bnpparibas/genai-a-revolution-across-all-sectors/
Sundberg, L. y Holmström, J. (2023). Democratizing artificial intelligence: How no-code AI can leverage machine learning operations. Business Horizons, 66(6), 777-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2023.04.003
Sweney, M. (2023). BT to axe up to 55,000 jobs by 2030 as it pushes into AI. The Guardian, 18 de mayo. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/may/18/bt-cut-jobs-telecoms-group-workforce
Tasioulas, J. (2019). First steps towards an ethics of robots and artificial intelligence. Journal of Practical Ethics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3172840
Tasioulas, J. (2023). The rule of algorithm and the rule of law. Vienna Lectures on Legal Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4319969
Toosi, A., Bottino, A. G., Saboury, B., Siegel, E. y Rahmim, A. (2021). A brief history of AI: how to prevent another winter (a critical review). PET Clinics, 16(4), 449-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2021.07.001
Ulnicane, I. (2022). Artificial intelligence in the European Union: Policy, ethics and regulation. En The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429262081-19
Vinsel, L. (2023). Don’t get distracted by the hype around generative AI. MIT Sloan Management Review, 64(3), 1-3. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/dont-get-distracted-by-the-hype-around-generative-ai/
Wach, K., Duong, C. D., Ejdys, J., Kazlauskaitė, R., Korzynski, P., Mazurek, G., ... y Ziemba, E. (2023). The dark side of generative artificial intelligence: A critical analysis of controversies and risks of ChatGPT. Entrepreneurial Business & Economics Review, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2023.110201
Walch, K. (2019). Are we heading for another AI winter soon? Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/10/20/are-we-heading-for-another-ai-winter-soon/ - 783bf81256d6
Winner, L. (1993). Social constructivism: Opening the black box and finding it empty. Science as Culture, 3(3), 427-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505439309526358
WEF - World Economic Forum (2020). The Future of Jobs Report. Octubre. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Francisco Leslie López del Castillo Wilderbeek
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta revista y sus artículos se publican bajo la licencia CreativeCommons CC BY 4.0 DEED Atribución 4.0 Internacional, usted es libre de: Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. Adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. La licencia no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.
